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Romanticism and Realism
Overview - RomanticismFeeling is all!
Overviewdatesmusic (1820 1900)art (late 1700s/1800-1850)mostly in Northern Europe, especially in Britain, France, and Germanyvalues: intuition, emotion, and imaginationinspiration: Medieval and Baroque periods; Middle and Far Eastsubjects: legends, nature, violence, exotica
The Romantic Movementa reaction against classicismthe Romantic Hero:greatest example was Lord Byrontremendously popular among the European reading publicyouth imitated his haughtiness and rebelliousness
Musictransition between Classical and RomanticBeethovenother key composersSchubertChopinPaganiniWagner
Characteristics of Romanticism
the Engaged and Enraged ArtistIndividualism - the Rugged Individualthe Power and the Fury of Naturethe Danger of Science and TechnologyGlorifying Country LifeGothic romanticizing the Middle AgesExotica and the MacabreNationalismArt and Literature
The Engaged & Enraged Artist:the artist apart from societythe artist as social critic/revolutionarythe artist as genius
Wandering Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich, 1818
Individualismindividuals have unique, endless potentialself-realization comes through art artists are the true philosophers
The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835
Glorification and Fury of Naturepeaceful, restorative qualities: an escape from industrialization and the dehumanization it createsawesome, powerful, horrifying aspects of natureindifferent to the fate of humansoverwhelming power of nature
The Raft of the Medusa Thodore Gricault, 1819
The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin
The Slave Ship Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1842Danger of Science and Technology
The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821Glorifying Country Life
The Corn Field John Constable, 1826
Gothic/Romanticizing the Middle AgesNeo-Gothic architectural styleMedieval ruins were a favorite theme for art and poetry
Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows John Constable, 1831
British Houses of Parliament 1840-1865
Exotica and MacabreExotica:the sexy othera sense of escape from realitysomething to keep in mind: a psychological/moral justification of imperialism?
Massacre of Chios - Eugne Delacroix, 1824
The Fanatics of Tangiers Eugne Delacroix, 1837-1838
The Royal Pavilion at Brighton John Nash, 1815-1823
Exotica and the MacabreMacabreghosts, fairies, witches, demonsthe shadows of the minddreams & madnessthe romantics rejected materialism in pursuit of spiritual self-awarenessthey yearned for the unknown and the unknowable
Mad Woman With a Mania of Envy Theodore Gericault, 1822-1823
Witches Sabbath Francisco Goya, 1798
Liberty Leading the People Eugne Delacroix, 1830Nationalism
Detail of the Musket Bearer Delacoix, himself
His Majestys Ship, Victory (Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806
The Shooting of May 3, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1815
The Great Age of the NovelGothic Novels:Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847)Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847)Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817)Dracula Bramm Stoker (1897) Historical Novels:Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819)Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862)The Three Musketeers Alexander Dumas (1844)
Other Romantic Writers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimms Fairy Tales (1814-1816) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust (1806-1832)
The Romantic PoetsPercy Bysshe ShelleyLord Byron (George Gordon)Samuel Taylor ColeridgeWilliam WordsworthJohn KeatsWilliam Blake
The Political Implicationsa key question: how can Romanticism justify liberalism? how could it support conservatism?contributed to growing nationalist movementsthe concepts of the Volk and the Volkgeistthe uniqueness of cultures was emphasized
Overview - Realismhow was this a reaction to both romanticism and neoclassicism?rejected romanticism as escapist, fantastical, and inward lookingrejected neoclassicism as anachronistic
Characteristics of Realismcapture visual perceptions without alterationtake on serious themesa look at the poorer classes
The Burial at OrnansGustave Courbet, 1849-1850
The Third Class WagonHonore Daumier, 1862
